Microbial food web responses to light and nutrients beneath the coastal Arctic Ocean sea ice during the winter–spring transition

We measured the abundance and biomass of phototrophic and heterotrophic microbes in the upper mixed layer of the water column in ice-covered Franklin Bay, Beaufort Sea, Canada, from December 2003 to May 2004, and evaluated the influence of light and nutrients on these communities by way of a shipboard enrichment experiment. Bacterial cell concentrations showed no consistent trends throughout the sampling period, averaging (± SD) 2.4 (0.9) × 10⁸ cells L^− 1; integrated bacterial biomass for the upper mixed layer ranged from 1.33 mg C m^− 3 to 3.60 mg C m^− 3. Small cells numerically dominated the heterotrophic protist community in both winter and spring, but in terms of biomass, protists with a diameter > 10 µm generally dominated the standing stocks. Heterotrophic protist biomass integrated over the upper mixed layer ranged from 1.23 mg C m^− 3 to 6.56 mg C m^− 3. Phytoplankton biomass was low and variable, but persisted during the winter period. The standing stock of pigment-containing protists ranged from a minimum value of 0.38 mg C m^− 3 in winter to a maximal value of 6.09 mg C m^− 3 in spring and the most abundant taxa were Micromonas-like cells. These picoprasinophytes began to increase under the ice in February and their population size was positively correlated with surface irradiance. Despite the continuing presence of sea ice, phytoplankton biomass rose by more than an order of magnitude in the upper mixed layer by May. The shipboard experiment in April showed that this phototrophic increase in the community was not responsive to pulsed nutrient enrichment, with all treatments showing a strong growth response to improved irradiance conditions. Molecular (DGGE) and microscopic analyses indicated that most components of the eukaryotic community responded positively to the light treatment. These results show the persistence of a phototrophic inoculum throughout winter darkness, and the strong seasonal response by arctic microbial food webs to sub-ice irradiance in early spring.     

客运专线无砟轨道系统设计

根据我国客运专线的工程特点,无砟轨道结构选型应遵循施工性、维护性、动力性、适应性和经济性的5个基本原则,并给出2类无砟轨道的性能.在研究确定无砟轨道设计理论和原则的基础上,建议设计轮重取静轮重的3倍、疲劳检算轮重取静轮重的1.5倍.板式无砟轨道不同弹性模量的砂浆垫层对轨下基础刚度的影响不同,建议研发新型填充层材料.合理确定无砟轨道的弹性,建议轨下基础刚度的合理范围为20～30kN·mm-1.通过定期打磨钢轨和钢轨无缝化,降低噪音;通过降低轨道刚度、提高轨道参振质量,降低线路下部结构物的振动.无砟轨道的设计寿命应为60年,为此应制定相应的维修标准和管理办法.     

同步洒布摊铺机的研制与开发

超薄磨耗层养护技术被欧美列为高速公路第一养护方案,在国内也已经开始推广应用。文章介绍了国产超薄磨耗层施工专用设备的研制过程,通过对国内高速公路养护市场的分析以及与德国福格勒公司的进口设备对比,认为国内同步洒布摊铺机的研制与开发具有广阔的市场前景。     

双层嵌套多目标概率模型在珠江三角洲港口工程环境分析中的应用

鉴于未来全球气候变暖、台风强度和频次有逐渐加剧的趋势，建港地区工程风险须得到重视。在分析了珠江三角洲所受台风灾害的基本类型后，采用双层嵌套多目标概率模式及复合极值分布模型（MCEVD）对珠三角的台风灾害及超强台风进行了预测，并将计算结果应用于港区最大风速、波高、排水等方面的设计。该模型能全面系统地反映台风致灾的整体机制，在港口工程环境分析中得到了较好的应用。     

铝电源线在轻型商用车上的应用研究

本文从铝电源线的制造工艺、基本参数、外防护、理论计算和台架测试等方面进行分析,论证其在轻型商用车上代替铜电源线的可行性。     

Initial results from long-term measurements of atmospheric humidity and related parameters in the marine boundary layer at two locations in the Gulf of Mexico

Measurements of boundary layer moisture have been acquired from Rotronic MP-100 sensors deployed on two NDBC buoys in the northern Gulf of Mexico from June through November 1993. For one sensor, which was retrieved approximately 8 months after deployment, the post- and precalibrations agreed closely and fell well within WMO specifications for accuracy. The second sensor operated continuously from June 1993 to February 1997 (3.5 years). Buoy observations of relative humidity and supporting data were used to calculate specific humidity and the surface fluxes of latent and sensible heat. Specific humidities from the buoys were compared with observations of moisture obtained from nearby ship reports, and the correlations were generally high (0.7–0.9). Surface gravity wave spectra were also acquired. The time series of specific humidity and the other buoy parameters revealed three primary scales of variability, small (h), synoptic (days), and seasonal (months). The synoptic variability was clearly dominant and occurred primarily during September, October, and November. Most of the synoptic variability was due to frontal systems that dropped down into the Gulf of Mexico from the continental US followed by air masses which were cold and dry. Cross-correlation analyses of the buoy data indicated that: (1) the moisture field was highly coherent over distances of 800 km or more in the northern Gulf of Mexico; and (2) both specific humidity and air temperature served as tracers of the motion associated with propagating atmospheric disturbances. These correlation analyses also revealed that the prevailing weather systems generally entered the buoy domain from the South prior to September, but primarily from the North thereafter. Spectra of the various buoy parameters indicated strong diurnal and semidiurnal variability for barometric pressure and sea surface temperature (SST) and lesser variability for air temperature, wind speed and significant wave height. The surface fluxes of latent and sensible heat were dominated by the synoptic events which took place from September through November with the transfer of latent heat being primarily from the ocean to the atmosphere. Finally, an analysis of the surface wave observations from each buoy, which included calculations of wave age and estimates of surface roughness, indicate that major heat and moisture flux events coincide with periods of active wave growth, although the data were insufficient to identify any causal relationships.     

单层铺筑大厚度水泥碎石结构施工控制方法

文章以广西岑溪至梧州高速公路工程为例,介绍采用大吨位压路机,一次性摊铺碾压成型大厚度水泥碎石基层的施工流程,并通过对试验路段的钻芯取样实验,验证采用该施工方法的可行性.     

探地雷达在公路路面厚度检测中的应用

笔者在文中简要介绍了探地雷达在某公路路面厚度检测中的应用,说明了用探地雷达方法来检测公路路面厚度在实际中是切实可行的,为传统的公路路面厚度检测方法又增添了一种新方法.     

AK13-I抗滑表层纤维沥青混合料水稳定性研究

用冻融劈裂试验,以冻融劈裂残留强度比(TSR)为技术指标评价不同纤维掺量的纤维沥青混合料AK13 I水稳定性,及分析影响混合料水稳定性因素